Chapter 1 Flashcards | Quizlet Incorporating a version of Apple's iOS operating system, as well as sensors for environmental and health monitoring, the Apple Watch was designed to be incorporated into the Apple environment with compatibility with iPhones and Mac Books. Since the release of the Macintosh in 1984, Apple has placed emphasis on high-resolution graphics and display technologies. It was also one of the first computers to use all-diode logic, a technology more reliable than vacuum tubes. Twenty-five ways in which MIT has transformed computing FTCE Physical Education Certification Exam, Alan S. Willsky, Alan V. Oppenheim, Hamid Nawab, Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, Brian Self, David Mazurek, E. Russell Johnston, Ferdinand Beer, Phillip Cornwell, 3.8.1 - Strategic direction: choosing which m, BCPS 2018: Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. The mill is still in use today as an office park (Clock Tower Place) today. The British Broadcasting Corporations Computer Literacy Project hoped to introduce interested adults to the world of computers. Acorn produces a popular computer, the BBC Microcomputer System, so viewers at home could follow along on their own home computers as they watched the program. Intel introduced the 8086 in June 1978. Xerox wasnt interested. Columbia Supercomputer system made up of SGI Altix. At 4 million operations per second and 4 kilobytes of memory, the 80386 gave PCs as much speed and power as older mainframes and minicomputers. Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. In 1984, Michael Dell creates PC's Limited while still a student of the University of Texas at Austin. Initially, Franklin won a court victory allowing them to continue cloning the machines, but in 1988, Apple won a copyright lawsuit against Franklin, forcing them to stop making Apple II clones.. The PC Jr. is marketed as a home computer but is too expensive and limited in performance to compete with many of the other machines in that market. At the time IBM released the System/360, the company had just made the transition from discrete transistors to integrated circuits, and its major source of revenue began to move from punched card equipment to electronic computer systems. Virginia Tech used more than a thousand PowerMac G5s to create the System X cluster supercomputer, rated #3 in November of that year on the worlds TOP500 fastest computers. Dell dropped out of school to focus on his business and in 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design, the Turbo PC, which sold for $795. What set the 486 apart was its optimized instruction set, with an on-chip unified instruction and data cache and an optional on-chip floating-point unit. A driver education teacher might use this kind of software to let students "practice" driving before actually getting in a car. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. Intended to be a less expensive alternative to the PET, the VIC-20 was highly successful, becoming the first computer to sell more than a million units. Micral Computer: Everything You Need To Know . Microsoft founded - HISTORY What can both teachers and students create to make a visual record their skill development over time? What is the best statement about your choice of a microcontroller for the project? It presents an approach to the technology and the implementation prOblem, documented with information about specific transit applica-tions. Designed by Sunnyvale, California native Steve Wozniak, and marketed by his friend Steve Jobs, the Apple-1 is a single-board computer for hobbyists. The computer he created, an all-black cube was an important innovation. service packs. Back in the 80s and 90s, the home computing revolution led to a huge number of microcomputers hitting the market across the world. Five times faster than its predecessor, the 8008, the Intel 8080 could address four times as many bytes for a total of 64 kilobytes. The micro has to have a real . The Mark-8 Do-It-Yourself kit is designed by graduate student John Titus and uses the Intel 8008 microprocessor. The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. The PET was popular with schools and for use as a home computer. Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM -compatible PCs, the Windows OS soon dominated the PC market. Called a complex instruction set computer, VAX systems were backward compatible and so preserved the investment owners of previous DEC computers had in software. Designed by British engineer Tommy Flowers, the Colossus is designed to break the complex Lorenz ciphers used by the Nazis during World War II. Among the lecturers were early computer designers like John von Neumann, Howard Aiken, J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, as well as mathematicians including Derrick Lehmer, George Stibitz, and Douglas Hartree. central processing unit (cpu) computers brain. The display also used In Plane Switching (IPS) technology, which allowed for a wider viewing angle and improved color accuracy. The handwriting recognition software was much maligned for inaccuracy. This high performance processor found its place in powerful work stations intended for graphics-intensive programs common in engineering. An electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can: 1. Which of the following has research shown to be a benefit of online learning? It was also repeatedly expanded and improved throughout its 13-year lifespan. The camera had a maximum resolution of 0.11 megapixels a 256-color display, and photos could be shared wirelessly. The company was incorporated by three 26-year-old Stanford alumni: Bechtolsheim, Vinod Khosla and Scott McNealy. Computer Science. In October 1961, the Navy tested the NTDS on the USS Oriskany carrier and the USS King and USS Mahan frigates. -The Massive Open Online Course (M O O C). Johnniac was used for scientific and engineering calculations. The micro should be an extremely low power device even if this raises the cost of the project. Built as an electro-mechanical means of decrypting Nazi ENIGMA-based military communications during World War II, the British Bombe is conceived of by computer pioneer Alan Turing and Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company. The 386 chip brought with it the introduction of a 32-bit architecture, a significant improvement over the 16-bit architecture of previous microprocessors. Be, founded by former Apple executive Jean Louis Gasse and a number of former Apple, NeXT and SUN employees, releases their only product the BeBox. A later version of that machine became the PDP-8, the first commercially successful minicomputer. One of the first commercially produced computers, the companys first customer was the US Navy. microcomputer: A microcomputer is a complete computer on a smaller scale and is generally a synonym for the more common term, personal computer or PC , a computer designed for an individual. A Brief History of the Microcomputer - TurboFuture Shortly after delivery of the Atari VCS game console, Atari designs two microcomputers with game capabilities: the Model 400 and Model 800. Quiz Chapters EME 4312 Flashcards | Quizlet Only one month later, another one million Raspberry Pis were delivered. To reduce its size, the traditional hard drive was replaced with a solid-state disk, the first mass-market computer to do so. 0.5 out of 0.5 points. The Roadrunner is the first computer to reach a sustained performance of 1 petaflop (one thousand trillion floating point operations per second). The Watch was received with great enthusiasm, but critics took issue with the somewhat limited battery life and high price. A joint project of Englands Manchester University, Ferranti Computers, and Plessey, Atlas comes online nine years after Manchesters computer lab begins exploring transistor technology. Initially designed for internal use by HP employees, co-founder Bill Hewlett issues a challenge to his engineers in 1971: fit all of the features of their desktop scientific calculator into a package small enough for his shirt pocket. The Altair had no keyboard and could not be connected to a television screen. The PDP-8 sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of a small IBM System/360 mainframe. Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. Commodore releases the VIC-20 home computer as the successor to the Commodore PET personal computer. Mid-Term Exam | Digital Literacy Quiz - Quizizz - Quizizz The world The architecture that allowed Windows and IBM OS/2 has remained in subsequent chips. Until the year 2000, it was the world's fastest supercomputer, able to achieve peak performance of 1.3 teraflops, (about 1.3 trillion calculations per second). Sales were weaker than projected, despite being widely praised by the press for its active matrix display, removable trackball, and high performance. The 400 served primarily as a game console, while the 800 was more of a home computer. Paragon systems were used in many scientific areas, including atmospheric and oceanic flow studies, and energy research. The First Microcomputer: Altair 8800. The first advertisement for a microprocessor, the Intel 4004, appears in Electronic News. The machine had a fifty-foot long camshaft running the length of machine that synchronized the machines thousands of component parts and used 3,500 relays. Univac computers were used in many different applications but utilities, insurance companies and the US military were major customers. Rather than testing components like the SEAC, the SWAC was built using already-developed technology. There are many stand-alone utility programs available as an alternative to the operating system'sutility programs. These tools take over the task of doing arithmetic functions so that students can focus on higher level mathematics concepts Spreadsheet This software is sometimes credited with starting the "microcomputer revolution" in schools, since it was the first software package available for home computers. The new chip made graphical operating environments for IBM PC and PC-compatible computers practical. History of computing hardware (1960s-present) - Wikipedia Started by a group of engineers that left Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Data General designs the Nova minicomputer. Built by IBM using their Blue Gene/Q supercomputer architecture, the Sequoia system is the world's fastest supercomputer in 2012. Apple makes a splash with its Bondi Blue iMac, which sells for about $1,300. The 48-bit machine used 92 point-contact transistors and 550 diodes. Of the dozens of different SWTP kits available, the 6800 proved the most popular. "Best study app ever! Chapter 1 Microcomputer Applications Exam Flashcards | Quizlet The MOS 6502 was introduced at a conference in San Francisco at a cost of $25, far less than comparable processors from Intel and Motorola, leading some attendees to believe that the company was perpetrating a hoax. Southwest Technical Products is founded by Daniel Meyer as DEMCO in the 1960s to provide a source for kit versions of projects published in electronics hobbyist magazines. The first microcomputers (images) - CNET The Pentium is the fifth generation of the x86 line of microprocessors from Intel, the basis for the IBM PC and its clones. Which of the following is an accepted design criterion for writing and publishing digital documents? answer choices True Fasle Question 3 30 seconds Q. Working under Tom Kilburn at Englands Manchester University, Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrate a prototype transistorized computer, the "Manchester TC", on November 16, 1953. The Micral computer series debuted their first computer in early 1973. In 1983 Zojirushi introduced a rice cooker that was among the first consumer-oriented products to rely on fuzzy logic. The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. Marketed as a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer, the HP-35 distinguished itself from its competitors by its ability to perform a broad variety of logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to store more intermediate solutions for later use, and to accept and display entries in a form similar to standard scientific notation. The Treo sold well, and the line continued until Handspring was purchased by Palm in 2003. Friedl used the SCAMP prototype to gain approval within IBM to promote and develop IBMs 5100 family of computers, including the most successful, the 5150, also known as the IBM Personal Computer (PC), introduced in 1981. The Central processing unit (CPU) serves as the primarily processing component of a computer system. At the top of the line was the Model 7030, also known as "Stretch." Microprocessors from 1971 to the Present - InformIT SWTPC introduces many computer kits based on the Motorola 6800, and later, the 6809. Acorn's ARM RISC microprocessor is first used in the company's Archimedes computer system. Manipulate the data according to specific rules (process) 3. The Micral N was the first in the series and was produced by the company R2E. The AGC was one of the earliest uses of integrated circuits, and used core memory, as well as read-only magnetic rope memory. During World War II, the US Navy approaches the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) about building a flight simulator to train bomber crews. Apple launches the iPhone - a combination of web browser, music player and cell phone - which could download new functionality in the form of "apps" (applications) from the online Apple store. The first VAIO, a desktop computer, featured an additional 3D interface on top of the Windows 95 operating system as a way of attracting new users. In 2012, Apple introduced the Retina display for the MacBook Pro laptop and iPad tablet. The Video Display Module (VDM) marks the first implementation of a memory-mapped alphanumeric video display for personal computers. 40,000 were sold, including 10 to NASA for use on the Apollo space project. What is the function of an IEP generator? Description. For its January issue, hobbyist magazine Popular Electronics runs a cover story of a new computer kit the Altair 8800. What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? In some places, lower populations of ELL students may result in distorted data analysis. Applications that came as part of the package included MacPaint, which made use of the mouse, and MacWrite, which demonstrated WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) word processing. Hundreds of allied bombes were built in order to determine the daily rotor start positions of Enigma cipher machines, which in turn allowed the Allies to decrypt German messages. Which software tool would be helpful for preparing a newsletter? Reduced instruction set computers (RISC) grow out of the observation that the simplest 20 percent of a computers instruction set does 80 percent of the work. If a social studies teacher wanted to poll students anonymously about their opinions on a local issue, what tool might she use to gather their data? After the success of the first LEO, Lyons went into business manufacturing computers to meet the growing need for data processing systems in business. The IAS computer was designed for scientific calculations and it performed essential work for the US atomic weapons program. Once limited to surfing the Web, browsers are becoming the universal software platform on which end users launch into information searches, E-mail, multimedia file transfer, discussion groups, and many other Internet, intranet, and extranet applications. The motes were powered by a tiny battery and could gain light energy through a photocell, which was enough to feed the infinitesimally small amount of energy a mote consumes (1 picowatt). The 6600 retained the distinction of being the fastest computer in the world until surpassed by its successor, the CDC 7600, in 1968. Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins. While imprisoned at Buchenwald concentration camp for the rest of World War II, he refines his pre-war design of a calculator featuring a modified version of Leibnizs stepped drum design. English language learners often score higher on assessments due to their increased focus in language acquisition. Japan's SoftBank introduces the first camera phone, the J-Phone J-SH04; a Sharp-manufactured digital phone with integrated camera. This is a list of early microcomputers sold to hobbyists and developers. Apple enters the handheld computer market with the Newton. Joe Thompson at Whirlwind console, ca. The Mark 1 was a refinement of the experimental Manchester Baby and Manchester Mark 1 computers, also at Manchester University. Answers: Convert data into an electronic machine-readable form for direct entry into a computer system. answer choices 20 pin P1 connector 8 pin auxiliary connector 24+4 pin P1 connector The basic idea for bombes came from Polish code-breaker Marian Rejewski's 1938 "Bomba.". Based on the Touchstone Delta computer Intel had built at Caltech, the Paragon is a parallel supercomputer that uses 2,048 (later increased to more than four thousand) Intel i860 processors. Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. Northrop was initially reluctant to make MADDIDA a commercial product, but by the end of 1952, six had sold. Millions of Apple IIs were sold between 1977 and 1993, making it one of the longest-lived lines of personal computers. Approximately 90 percent of PCs run some version of Windows. (C) The Regent Corporation's microcomputer can be used in conjunction with higher-priced microcomputers manufactured by other companies. Completed in 1951, Whirlwind remains one of the most important computer projects in the history of computing. More than one hundred Paragons were installed over the lifetime of the system, each costing as much as five million dollars. The touchscreen enabled smartphone also had built-in GPS navigation, high-definition camera, texting, calendar, voice dictation, and weather reports. The AGCs first flight was on Apollo 7. Based on the Intel 8008 microprocessor, the Micral is one of the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computers. Free Flashcards about Chapter 1 OSystems - StudyStack Linux - Wikipedia Palm Inc., founded by Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins, originally created software for the Casio Zoomer personal data assistant. It was believed that ENIAC had done more calculation over the ten years it was in operation than all of humanity had until that time. It had two operating modes, one that mirrored the segmented memory of older x86 chips, allowing full backward compatibility, and one that took full advantage of its more advanced technology. The Manchester Mark I used more than 1,300 vacuum tubes and occupied an area the size of a medium room. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the ASR-33 was a popular and inexpensive choice of input and output device for minicomputers and many of the first generation of microcomputers. The first offering to the public required the buyer to purchase one to be given to a child in the developing world as a condition of acquiring a machine for themselves. True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. The iPad combines many of the popular capabilities of the iPhone, such as built-in high-definition camera, access to the iTunes Store, and audio-video capabilities, but with a nine-inch screen and without the phone. The ad featured the destruction of Big Brother a veiled reference to IBM -- through the power of personal computing found in a Macintosh. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product. Designed by John V. Blankenbaker using standard medium-- and small-scale integrated circuits, the Kenbak-1 relied on switches for input and lights for output from its 256-byte memory. "We are trying to build a machine to do all kinds of different things simply by programming rather than by the addition of extra apparatus," Turing said at a symposium on large-scale digital calculating machinery in 1947 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. This type of computer is useful in performing many of the mathematical equations scientists and engineers encounter in their work. Sun helped cement the model of a workstation having an Ethernet interface as well as high-resolution graphics and the UNIX operating system. Apples inspiration for the Lisa and Macintosh computers came from the Xerox Alto. So in 1971, Starkweather transferred to Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), away from corporate oversight. Zuse later supervised a reconstruction of the Z3 in the 1960s, which is currently on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. Spectra systems were marketed on the basis of their compatibility with the IBM System/360 series of computer since it implemented the IBM 360 instruction set and could run most IBM software with little or no modification. The upgraded and faster Tianhe-1A used Intel Xeon CPUs as well, but switched to nVidia's Tesla GPUs and added more than 2,000 Fei-Tang (SPARC-based) processors. Term. Bill Gates and Paul Allen licensed their BASIC programming language interpreter to MITS as the main language for the Altair. Both faced strong competition from the Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 computers. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1 Flashcards That means if you want to get started collecting microcomputers, knowing which system to go for first can be overwhelming. The RISC PC was used widely in UK broadcast television and in music production. Students included future computing pioneers such as Maurice Wilkes, Claude Shannon, David Rees, and Jay Forrester. After retiring their initial Visor series of PDAs, Handspring introduced the Treo line of smartphones, designed with built-in keyboards, cameras, and the Palm operating system. This real-time information system began operating in the early 1960s. The first generation of Palm-produced devices, the Palm 1000 and 5000, are based around a Motorola microprocessor running at 16MHz, and uses a special gestural input language called Graffiti, which is quick to learn and fast. The Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) project, led by IBM engineer Wallace Eckert, uses both relays and vacuum tubes to process scientific data at the rate of 50 14 x 14 digit multiplications per second. The LINC is an early and important example of a personal computer, that is, a computer designed for only one user. MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. Quiz 1. Information systems whose purpose is to glean from raw data relationships and trends that might help organizations compete better are called business intelligence (BI) systems. . System/360 was aimed at both business and scientific customers and all models could run the same software, largely without modification. ducing microcomputers to small and medium-sized transit operating agen-cies. Cuthbert Hurd (standing) and Thomas Watson, Sr. at IBM 701 console. 2. It was used to model the decay of the US nuclear arsenal, analyze financial data, and render 3D medical images in real-time. The Alpha processor designs were eventually acquired by Compaq, which, along with Intel, phased out the Alpha architecture in favor of the HP/Itanium microprocessor.
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