Cytotoxicity studies on human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell line showed non-toxic and biocompatible nature of dextran. 2015 Mar 17;6:155. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00155. In the range of working temperatures and molecular weights of dextrans, similar intrinsic viscosity results obtained by other researchers and published here are slight, as shown in tables 1 and 3. Typically, the hydrodynamic diameter of the micelles is about 100 nm and the critical micelle concentration is about 10 mg/L. AATEX. De Belder, A. N. (2001). Santoro MM, Gaudino G. Cellular and molecular facets of keratinocyte reepithelization during. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2008;28(5):64557. The study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. Journal of Colloid Science, 31, 308-328. Privacy Peptide and protein transdermal drug delivery. The slope is a value and intercept is equal to the ln kMH value [47]. Solution properties of branched dextran. Analyzing the values of the hydrodynamic properties of dextran in aqueous solution, it can be seen in Table 7, that all vary with the temperature. Boudry I, Blanck O, Cruz C, Blanck M, Vallet V, Bazire A, Capt A, Josse D, Lallement G. Percutaneous penetration and absorption of parathion using human and pig skin models in vitro and human skin grafted onto nude mouse skin model in vivo. The hydrodynamic 57 radius of the dextranase is 7 Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. The Transdermal diffusion cell system (DHC-6TD, LOGAN instrument, USA) was used to assess FITC-dextran permeability in vitro. Viscotek GmbH, Europe. The [] is connected to the dimensions of the biopolymer molecule isolated in a certain solvent. Smith, David R.; Raymonda, John W. (1972). Masuelli, M. A. Critical parameters for gel permeation 2022 Feb 22;16(2):1999-2012. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07010. (2003). Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. Interaction Parameter (); Expansion Factor (); Steric Hindrance Factor (); and Shielding Function F(); for the System PEAOrganic Solvents by Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements. Alternatives to animal testing: a review. Antoniou, E.; Buitrago, C. F.; Tsianou, M.; Alexandridis, P. (2010). WebDiffusivity of 2000 kDa Dextran was significantly lower for both hydrogel formulations, but was insensitive to collagen concentration, likely due to a larger hydrodynamic diameter (d h ~ 70 nm) on order of the collagen mesh size. 2012;3(1):208. These structural differences can significantly affect FITC-dextran delivery due to even after microporation [30]. The skin was treated with the RF-based microporation device, inducing micropore ablation through alternating electrical current. Dextran Utilization During Its Synthesis by Weissella cibaria RBA12 Can Be Overcome by Fed-Batch Fermentation in a Bioreactor. The great deviation at 2000kDa occurs due to the large hyperbranched structure of the macromolecule, generating a change in its conformation and, therefore, a change in the way it flows [73]. Radiofrequency ablation of malignant liver tumors. (1999). WebAmines per 70KDa dextran Theeffectofchargerepulsiononthe hydrodynamicradiuscanbeseenwithRh increaseswithchargedensity.Charge repulsioncausesthehydrodynamicradius toincrease.Withincreasingcharge,the dextranprogressivelyunfolded.Evena lowlevelofaminationcausesthepolymer tounfold. Springer Editions. Catiker, E.; Guner, A. WebTo address this perception, in the current study, FITC-dextran of different MWs (10, 70 and 150 kDa) was used to model the transdermal delivery of low MW biotherapeutics and mAbs with MWs of approximately 150 kDa. Surface morphology study of dextran by scanning electron microscopy showed the porous web like structure. Increased epidermal laser fluence through simultaneous ultrasonic microporation. Molecular Weight Distributions of Water-Soluble Polymers by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. Dextran standards with sequence molecular weight from 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa were utilized for the plot of calibration curve. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the These results could be attributed to the differences in the in vivo and in vitro skin nutrients supply; with in vivo studies, the skin tissue is supplied nutrients directly from the blood vessels, but the human cadaver skin is supplied from the media, therefore, the skin tissue regeneration efficiency is low [26,27,28]. The effect of branching is best recognized from the molecular weight dependencies of []. In a good solvent, which shows a zero or negative heat of mixing with the polymer, the molecule is less-extended, and the intrinsic viscosity is high. The value of qM-H varies from one sample to another one, because it is a function of a and the average molecular weights (Mv, Mw). (2008). J. Braz. Macromolecules, 29, 2265-2268. Pure Appl. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Determination of branching in biopolymers by size exclusion chromatography with light scattering (Malls), viscosity, and refractive index detection. Harding, Stephen E. (1997). Determination of the intrinsic viscosity has been the most used measurement in the last 60 years. Int. Google Scholar. Epub 2022 Feb 2. This method utilizes promising strategies that have made a significant impact in transdermal delivery [6], they include: iontophoresis, microneedles, sonophoresis, radiofrequency (RF), and chemical enhancers [7,8,9,10,11]. For 40 kDa molecules, the hydrodynamic diameter dh ~8 nm is much smaller than the collagen mesh size [ 33, 41 ]. Harding, Stephen E. (2005). Hi Sir Alexander Malm , Thank you very much! Really appreciate your help! The a value is higher than calculated in this work, because these calculations were performed with number average molecular weight (Mn) which rearranges the value of a and forces him to enter into unbranched or linear molecules (a > 0.5), on the other hand, if molecular weights (Mw) ware used to value would be less than 0.5. 2012;29(7):201729. 2004;25(9):155967. Determination of constants, kM-H and a, from the intrinsic viscosity data, requires a series of monodisperse polymer samples with known molecular weight or a series of polydisperse polymer samples with known viscosity average molecular weights, Mv. Polymolecularity and polydispersity in Molecular weight determinations. 1994, 95-0355. 2003;89(2):31120. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect. The dextran used is from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F which is essentially a linear -(1-6)-linked glucose chain with however a low percentage (2-5%) of -(1-3) branches distributed along the chain4. In this sense, the largest deviations were obtained for the highest molecular weight (580-2000kDa with values from 0.8467 to 0.7346). Intrinsic viscosity molecular weight relationship. 56 The linkage that the enzyme dextranase breaks down is indicated by the black arrow. WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). Dear Sir. Alan F Rawle , Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 4 (molecular weight= 4000) and dextran 10 (molecular weight 10,000)? Th 2017 Dec 12;27(1):73-78. doi: 10.1007/s10068-017-0274-0. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a common phenomenon that can produce local excessive temperature, high pressure and large amount of energy. Transdermal delivery is of great importance for the effective delivery of bioactive or therapeutic agents into a body. ; Grishchenko, A.E. Karmarkar, S.; Garber, R.: Kluza, J.; Koberda, M. (2006). However, the results did not show significant regeneration of micropore compared to previous in vivo studies which reported significant regeneration [25]. The intrinsic viscosity can be easily calculated by the Solomon-Ciuta single-point equation [44, 45]. This phenomenon is observed in the case of hyperbranched biopolymers evidencing an increase of a with temperature. Chem. 2021 Aug;13(4):915-925. doi: 10.1007/s12602-021-09751-1. ; Yevlampieva N.P. Nordmeier, Eckliard (1993). Carbohydrate Polymers 99, 199-207. Microneedles and their applications. Chen Rong Huei; Min Lang Tsai (1998). Home > 2022 > Junho > 22 > Uncategorized > dextran hydrodynamic radius. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 60, 1650-1662. In vivo iontophoretic delivery of salmon calcitonin across microporated skin. We believe that the microporation device can be used as a potential technique for effective transdermal drug delivery. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC dextran measured in plasma 1 h after its oral application is a marker of small intestinal permeability. There is a deviation from linearity after 580kDa [69, 70]. Hi Alan F Rawle sir, Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 6 (molecular weight= 6000) and dextran 70 (molecular weight 70000) With FITC-dextran 20 K, cumulative WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. The Mark-Houwink exponent bears the signature of a three-dimensional configuration of a polymer chain in the solvent environment. For Research Use Only. From Table 1, It is worth noting that the value of 2 is above 0.95, being an acceptable value for viscosimetric measurement. 2018 Aug 9;23(8):1984. doi: 10.3390/molecules23081984. TEWL measurements were taken 30min after microporation of the human and pig skin. Jeanes, A.; Haynes, W.C.; C. Wilham, A.; Rankin, J.C; Melvin, E.H.; Austin, M. J.; Cluskey, J. E.; Fisher, B.E. Skin barrier disruption by acetone: observations in a hairless mouse skin model. FOIA The Solomon-Ciuta single-point method is used for calculating dextran intrinsic viscosity and the error relative is calculated, and %RE respect to Huggins method is >4.18% for 2000kDa, and >2.06% for 8.8kDa (Table 2). Dependence on Concentration. 4K was 10.611.68 and 13.440.18M in human and pig skin, respectively. Journal of Chemical Education, 80(9), 1036-1038. These hydrodynamic parameters show that these polysaccharides behave as a compact rigid sphere and contract by the increase of temperature (RH decreases) for the Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa. Carbohydrate Polymers 88 373-381. Proc. Coviello, T.; Matricardi, P.; Marianecci, C.; Alhaique, F. (2007). Drug Deliv. However, the currently available transdermal systems are limited by low drug permeability across the skin due to the lipophilic barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost skin layer of the skin [3,4,5]; the methods favor low molecular mass, and lipophilic molecules, making it difficult to exploit the transdermal route for large and water-soluble molecules such as proteins and peptides. Ortega, A.; Garca de la Torre, J. (2013). Mitragotri S. Mechanical disruption of skin barrier for vaccine delivery. 10K, and c M.W. The Intrinsic Viscosity of Biological Macromolecules. Journal of Controlled Release, 119, 5-24. Keywords: After 24h the micropores were either closed or reduced further to smaller sizes, 37.5020.41, 50.5718.07, and 58.5814.99m, for 2, 5, and 10 times microporation, respectively. Format). Just in case anyone wants to use a different molecular weight to estimate the hydrodynamic size: the calculator is integrated into the classic Zeta (2000). dextran hydrodynamic radius. Journal Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 97, 295-301. European Biophysical Journal, 36, 85-94. Table 1 shows some values of dextrans Mark-Houwink parameters, from literature consulted, where all data are based on the logarithmic plot of intrinsic viscosity [] and molecular weight Mw. Webof overall macromolecular geometry and hydrodynamic draining. SEC of mono-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a wide range of pH, MarkHouwink constants. The genus Weissella: taxonomy, ecology and biotechnological potential. Markiertes Dextran wird hufig per Mikroinjektion in die Zellen eingebracht. (1999). Pharm Res. Ahn, G.Y., Eo, HS., Kim, D. et al. The Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. Proc of SPIE. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular weights using radiofrequency microporation. Biodegradable dextran hydrogels crosslinked by stereocomplex formation for the controlled release of pharmaceutical proteins. Dextran molecular size and degree of branching as a function of sucrose concentration, pH, and temperature of reaction of. 4h after microporation, the sizes of the micropore decreased slightly. These values indicate for dextrans in dilute aqueous solution, both methods give very similar results of the intrinsic viscosity and the respective Mw. GPC Symp. (more or less, with a hydrodynamic radius of less than 100 nm) to cross from the vasculature into the interstitium. Naik A, Kalia YN, Guy RH. Before Hydrodynamic properties, such as the intrinsic viscosity, [], and equilibrium solution properties such as the hydrodynamic radius RH can be combined to construct dimensionless quantities that are universal since they are of being independent of the macromolecular particle size, while they depend more or less sensitively on its shape [51]. ; Tsuchiya, H.M.; Rist, C.E. Because of the recent animal protection rules which have restricted animal experiments [19], we used human cadaver skin as an alternative to animals. Colloid and Polymer Science, 286, 1223-1231. WebThomas Gutberlet works at Jlich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-2), Forsch and is well known for Lipoteichoic Acid, Neutron Reflectometry and Neutron Reflectivity. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41, 1260-1267. The polymer molecule assumes a tighter configuration, and the solution has a lower intrinsic viscosity. Progr. The Hydrodynamic Radii of Macromolecules and Their Effect on Red Blood Cell Aggregation. Immediately after 2, 5, and 10 times microporations, 97.1432.39, 80.5715.51, and 82.3916.49m sizes of micropores were formed on the skin, respectively. Working with the molecular weights given by the manufacturer and compare them with the molecular weights, calculated from the Mark-Houwink parameters in this work; can be seen that the %RE obtained, see Table 6. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! European. Markierte Dextrane sind hydrophile Polysaccharide, die hufig in mikroskopischen Studien zur berwachung der Zellteilung, zum Verfolgen der Bewegung von lebenden Zellen und zur Untersuchung der hydrodynamischen Eigenschaften der zytoplasmatischen Matrix verwendet werden. Although we didnt conduct assay for inflammation, we could not find any inflammation symptoms such as redness, blisters, cracked, and thickening. The most widely applied coatings for FDA-approved SPIONs are dextran and carboxydextran. where tr is the column retention time in minutes (2 of 0.9792). Rheology of dextran solutions. The dextran was chosen as another branched polysaccharide which, like the others was suspected to show hyperbranched behavior. The explanation for the anomalous values of a and kM-H is because the mixture solute-solvent is highly compatible due a great compaction of biopolymer, from undisturbed state in the absence of interactions, where free energy of mixing less than zero, and emphasize the nature non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran for Mw high to 200kDa. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC Carbohydrate Polymers, 39, 377-380. If plotted for all molecular weights, the double logarithm of [] and Mw, the value of a obtained in all cases shows a value smaller than 0.5, which reports that dextran macromolecule has a degree of hyperbranched with increasing molecular weight and increases much for higher Mw (< 200kDa) which making the application of M-H method more difficult. In addition, microporated pig skin permeated larger amounts of FITC-dextran than human skin, this can be attributed to the differences in structure between the human and pig skin; the pig skin layer is thinner (SC, 813m) than the human skin (SC, 1017m) and the pig hair follicle is longer (3871m) than the human hair follicle (18m). Recent Pat. Molecular weight determination of polysaccharides. In this work, the human cadaver skin was treated to confirm the skin regeneration after the application of the microporation device. Salunkhe SS, Bhatia NM, Pokharkar VB, Thorat JD, Bhatia MS. Topical delivery of idebenone using nanostructured lipid carriers: evaluations of sun-protection and anti-oxidant effects.
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