An interim dividend of 3 euros per share was paid on December 2 of last year. Conglomerate: Definition, Meaning, Creation, and Examples. The currency effect was -2%. Guerlain sustained its growth, driven notably by the vitality of its Abeille Royale skincare, its Aqua Allegoria collection and its exceptional perfumes LArt et la Matire. Most recognizable for: In 2017, Fenty Beauty by Rihanna launched a 40-shade range of foundations, which helped to revolutionize diversity in the beauty industry. Bernard Arnault, Chairman and CEO of LVMH, said: LVMH enjoyed a remarkable performance in 2021 against the backdrop of a gradual recovery from the health crisis. This compensation may impact how and where listings appear. LVMH Diversity & Inclusiveness Transparency. Post-acquisition, Hublot complemented other watch brands under the LVMH stable. LVMH Net Profit Jumps 156% in 2021, Boosted by Strong Q4. You can learn more about the standards we follow in producing accurate, unbiased content in our. Growth was particularly strong in the United States and Europe, which benefited from the reopening of restaurants and the gradual recovery in regional tourism. Of which Fashion & Leather Goods +47% (and 51% in Q4 vs 2019) Figures prior to 2020 were taken from previous editions of the publication. May 24, 2022. LVMH, the world's leading luxury products group, gathers 75 prestigious brands, with 79.2 billion euros revenue in 2022 and a retail network of over 5,600 stores worldwide. The Paris store is noted for its high-end retail and careful selection of goods across the store. It also launched lots of industry-standard practices in the world . High earners, not rich yet (HENRYs) are individuals who have significant income but have yet to amass the assets that transition them to true wealth. LVMH touts Woodinville as one of the top craft distilleries in America and more than just a whiskey. The company was started in Woodinville, Washington state, and makes artisanal, small-batch brown spirits. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/245847/revenue-of-the-lvmh-group-worldwide-by-segment/, Revenue of the LVMH Group worldwide from 2008 to 2022, by segment, Value of various global luxury markets 2022, by market type, Market size of the global personal luxury goods market 2021, by product, Value of the global personal luxury goods market in 2022, by format, Value of the online personal luxury goods market worldwide 2004-2021, Sales of the leading luxury companies worldwide 2012-2021, Revenue of the Kering Group worldwide from 2012 to 2022, by brand, Global revenue share of Gucci in 2022, by product category, gucci.com: E-Commerce net sales from 2014 to 2022, Global brand value of Gucci from 2016 to 2022, Most valuable clothing companies in the world, by brand value 2021-2022, Leading fashion luxury brands based on Media Impact Value in the U.S. Q3 2021, Leading fashion luxury brands based on Media Impact Value in Europe Q3 2021, Leading fashion luxury brands based on Media Impact Value in China Q4 2021, Revenue of the LVMH Group worldwide by segment 2008-2022, LVMH Group's revenue share worldwide from in 2022, by geographic region, Global revenue of Michael Kors from 2012-2022, Michael Kors' global revenue in 2022, by region, Capri Holdings' revenue share worldwide in 2022, by brand, Net sales share of Capri Holdings worldwide in 2022, by segment, Total revenue of Herms worldwide 2007-2021, Revenue breakdown of Herms worldwide 2021, by geographical region, LVMH Group's revenue in the U.S. 2008-2022, LVMH Group's half-year revenue by segment 2007-2022, Revenue share of LVMH Group's perfumes and cosmetics segment 2018, by product, Distribution of the LVMH Group's workforce worldwide 2014-2021, by age, Sales of LVMH Group's wine and spirits segment 2011-2021, Breakdown of selective distribution sales value from LMVH 2015-2021, by region, Luxury goods market worldwide by segment share in 2007 and 2012, Luxury categories with rising purchase intent among Chinese consumers 2011-2013, Distribution by product of the shopping budget of Chinese tourists in France 2016, Popular products among millionaires when shopping abroad 2012, Italy: growth forecast for luxury sector in 2016, by product category, Italy: growth forecast for luxury sector in 2016, by destination market, Top reasons chosen by consumers for in-store purchase of luxury products in 2017, Demand for key luxury product types over next year in China 2017, by generation, Industry revenue of retail sale of watches and jewellery in Belgium 2012-2025, Industry revenue of retail sale of watches and jewellery in France 2012-2025, Bosnia: number of enterprises in the manufacture of watches & clocks 2011-2014, Turkey: number of enterprises in the manufacture of watches & clocks 2009-2014, Ireland: number of enterprises in the manufacture of watches & clocks 2008-2014, Revenue of the LVMH Group worldwide from 2008 to 2022, by segment (in million euros), Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports. Woodinville does not have a storied history like some other LVMH brands and was instead started in 2010. Louis Vuitton is a good example of this. The iconic Serpenti line and the High Jewelry and High Watchmaking collections were the main growth drivers. as well as other partner offers and accept our, Photo by David M. Benett/Dave Benett/Getty Images for Hennessy, Photo by: Jeffrey Greenberg/Universal Images Group via Getty Images, Photo by Tabatha Fireman/Getty Images for Kat Von D Beauty, Photo by Rolf Vennenbernd/picture alliance via Getty Images, LVMH's portfolio already includes 75 different brands. The company's Cloudy Bay brand covers white wines, and its Whispering Angel line offers rose, but Schaus said, "we were missing a strong red wine." Moet Hennessy reported revenue of 1.64 billion . Group share of net profit amounted to 12 036 million, up 156% compared to 2020 and up 68% compared to 2019. Honouring its long tradition of expressing love and diversity, a global About Love campaign featuring Beyonc and Jay-Z was launched. Business Solutions including all features. The continued growth of the Collection Prive and the skincare lines Prestige,Capture Totale and LOr de Vie also contributed to the progress of the Maison. Good growth in Champagne and Cognac, based on a value creation strategy. Sreenshot of LVMH page. Loewe (/ l o v /, Spanish: ) (stylized as LOEWE) is a Spanish luxury fashion house specialising in leather goods, clothing, perfumes and other fashion accessories. The Perfumes & Cosmetics business group recorded organic revenue growth of 27% in 2021 compared to 2020. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. Louis Vuitton revenue surpassed 20 billion euros, for the first time, Strong growth in perfumes. Maison Francis Kurkdjian continued to enjoy rapid growth momentum thanks to the ongoing success of Rouge 540, particularly in the United States. Most recognizable for: Givenchy is best known for creating the iconic little black dress Audrey Hepburn wore in the film "Breakfast at Tiffany's.". Two years later, LVMH purchased Pradas 25.5% stake in Fendi for $262 million to take control of the company. The company is known for its fur, leather goods, and other luxury products. The luxury titan reported double-digit revenue . PARISLVMH Mot Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE said surging revenue at its biggest fashion brands, Louis Vuitton and Dior, propped up the luxury-goods company's results during the fourth quarter . LVMH organizes its brands into branches, . Momentum was particularly strong in Europe, Japan and in emerging markets, particularly in high energy channels and gastronomy. We have indicated that transparency with a . The rights to Moynat were acquired by LVMH in 2010 after the brand had sat idle for over 40 years. The name was shortened to Le Parisien in 1986 with the publication at the time a regional daily newspaper. It reported net profit of 4.7 billion on revenue of 44 . The regulated information related to this press release as well as the presentation of annual results and the Financial Documents report are available on www.lvmh.com. This statistic shows the revenue of the LVMH Group worldwide from 2008 to 2022, broken down by geographic region. Profit from recurring operations was nearly nine times higher than 2020 and returned to 2019 levels. The Board of Directors met on January 27th to approve the financial statements for 2021. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. La Samaritaine, which reopened in Paris in June after an ambitious renovation, saw an encouraging level of customer traffic. The company . Details of the webcast relating to the publication of the 2022 annual results are available at:www.lvmh.com. Sustained creative momentum for all our Watches & Jewelry Maisons, in particular Tiffany, Bulgari and TAG Heuer. Most recognizable for: Le Parisien is one of the most notable tabloids in France, along with Le Figaro and Le Liberation. LVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton is an international group of companies that is principally engaged in the . [Online]. Sephora is a brand owned by Bernard Arnault that deals with personal care and beauty products. Them and about 66 other iconic brands belong to the world's first and now largest luxury group, LVMH, or Louis Vuitton Mot Hennessy. What Are Masstige Brands? Most recognizable for: Benefit is a cosmetics company, best known for its makeup. In, LVMH. The company's revenue totaled to about 79 billion euros that year, with fashion and leather goods segment accounting for 49 percent of total revenue. Their stock has increased 200 euros (150 euros to 350 euros)over 3 years and now they have a market capitalization of $176 billion. Selective Retailing: good performance of Sephora; DFS still impacted by limited recovery in international travel. "Revenue of The Lvmh Group Worldwide from 2008 to 2022, by Geographic Region (in Million Euros). Christian Dior benefited from the enormous success of Miss Dior and Sauvage. LVMH Completes the Acquisition of Tiffany & Co. LVMH Reaches Agreement with Tiffany & Co. All business groups achieved significant organic revenue growth over the year (see table on page 3). Since 1989, Louis Vuitton has been led by chair and CEO Bernard Arnault. Doubled operating profit. Many new products were unveiled in leather goods, jewelry and watches. > PDF version. Hennessy is owned by Mot Hennessy, which is in turn owned by Bernard Arnault's LVMH. LVMH does not typically provide revenue and sales figures for its individual brands. Profit from recurring operations was almost six times higher than in 2020 and up 128% compared to 2019. Prada Reaches a Deal to Sell Stake In Fashion House Fendi to LVMH., The New York Times. Profit from recurring operations was up 48%. Watches and Jewelry remains one of the smaller LVMH groups when it comes to profit. True to tradition, the company mostly focuses on making one item at a time and much of the stitching is done by hand. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/410638/lvmh-group-revenue-worldwide-by-geographic-region/, Revenue of the LVMH Group worldwide from 2008 to 2022, by geographic region, Value of the personal luxury goods market worldwide in 2020, by region, CAGR of the leading global luxury companies between 2018-2021, Leading 20 European luxury goods companies based on sales 2021, Central & Western Europe: revenue in the luxury goods market, 2012-2025, Central & Western Europe: revenue growth luxury goods market, 2013-2025, Second-hand luxury goods market revenue Europe 2021-2027, Fashion and luxury goods M&A deals worldwide in 2021, by region, Luxury cosmetics market revenue in Europe 2012-2025, Luxury fragrance market revenue in Europe 2012-2025, Central & Western Europe: revenue of luxury fashion, 2012-2025, Central & Western Europe: revenue prestige cosmetics & fragrances, 2012-2025, Central & Western Europe: revenue of luxury watches & jewelry, 2012-2025, Central & Western Europe: revenue of luxury eyewear, 2012-2025, Central & Western Europe: revenue of luxury leather goods, 2012-2025, LVMH Group's revenue worldwide 2008-2022, by geographic region, Revenue of the LVMH Group worldwide by segment 2008-2022, Total sales of the Richemont Group worldwide 2008-2022, by geographical region, Kering's global revenue from 2008 to 2022, Global revenue share of EssilorLuxottica in 2021, by geographical area, Shopping channel preference for luxury goods purchases in Europe quarterly 2022, Importance of luxury brands adopting sustainability in Europe quarterly 2021-2022, Importance of luxury/premium products by category in Spain 2022, Importance of luxury/premium products by category in Italy 2022, Importance of luxury/premium products by category in Germany 2022, Importance of luxury/premium products by category in France 2022, Importance of luxury/premium products by category in the UK 2022, Importance of luxury/premium products by category in Austria 2022, LVMH Group's revenue in the U.S. 2008-2022, Luxury customers in China 2010, by age and product category, Luxury goods purchased in China 2010, by intended purpose, Mainland Chinese demand for luxury goods 2020, Luxury fashion goods consumers most regularly buy in the United Kingdom (UK) 2013, Consumer spending on luxury goods in China 2010, by tier, Involvement of others in luxury item purchase decisions in the U.S. 2018, LVMH Group's half-year revenue by segment 2007-2022, Utilization of information channels regarding personal luxury items in the U.S. 2018, Global airport personal luxury goods market share by category 2015, Global airport personal luxury goods market share by region 2015, Luxury good and service purchase frequency of U.S. and UK consumers 2019, by age, Number of new or used personal luxury items bought in the U.S. 2018, Motivation for purchasing luxury goods Hong Kong 2021, Factors making cosmetics items luxury according to U.S. women 2017, by income, Revenue of the LVMH Group worldwide from 2008 to 2022, by geographic region (in million euros), Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports. Louis Vuitton annual revenue for 2020 was $51.005B, a 15.15% decline from 2019. Prices start at around $40 a bottle. Chaumet had a good year and celebrated nature with its Vgtal exhibition in Paris. Strong growth in business in Europe, Japan and the United States. In Selective Retailing, organic revenue was up 18% compared to 2020 and down 18% compared to 2019 due to the impact of travel retail. In 2021, Hennessy's revenue rose by 26 percent and gave a $6.7 billion revenue. At the time of LVMHs acquisition, Sephora was part of a family of brands owned by founder Dominique Mandonnaud. The continued global success of Diors. The flagship destinations of Hong Kong and Macau particularly suffered as a result of the suspension of domestic travel and the complete absence of tourists but just reopened in January. The product was popular with fashionable and affluent Parisians in the nineteenth century. Celine experienced very strong growth thanks to the success of Hedi Slimanes creations and his extremely modern and precise vision, as did Loewe, driven by the strong creativity of J.W. "Revenue of The Lvmh Group Worldwide from 2008 to 2022, by Segment (in Million Euros). Christian Dior enjoyed a remarkable performance, strengthening its lead. French luxury conglomerate LVMH Mot Hennessy Louis Vuitton has had an outstanding 2021 with growth exceeding expectations. Currently, you are using a shared account. (LVMH) has entrusted an investment services provider with a mandate for the acquisition . It was founded in 1668. The offers that appear in this table are from partnerships from which Investopedia receives compensation. The CEO of LVMH Bernard Arnault has been driving LVMH to success for . Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories. The world's biggest luxury group, whose brands include Louis Vuitton, Givenchy and TAG Heuer, said 2022 sales soared 23% to a record 79 billion euros ($86 billion), and net profit jumped 17% to . Gross capital expenditures over 3 billion. "Revenue of the LVMH Group worldwide from 2008 to 2022, by geographic region (in million euros)." DFS was still affected by the health situation in China. In 2021, LVMH Group's global revenue from all segments saw record increase on the previous . Access information. Trillionaire Definition: How Much Money Is That and Who Will Be First? The Group and its Maisons carried out numerous actions in 2021 to promote biodiversity, protect nature and to preserve skills and craftsmanship, and will continue to do so in the years to come. LVMHs market capitalization was $390.9 billion as of July 7, 2021. This means Tiffany will join the other 75 brands owned by LVMH, but it won't necessarily be the conglomerate's most iconic keep reading to see 17 of the most iconic brands the luxury giant currently owns, ranked in chronological order of LVMH's acquisition date. There are "whispers" in the luxury industry that LVMH founder and CEO Bernard Arnault is particularly targeting Cartier, Richemont's flagship jewelry and watch brand, the report said last week. Organic revenue growth was 10%. Most recognizable for: Kat Von D Beauty was founded by tattoo artist Kat von D. The brand is known for its eyeshadow palettes. Tugba Sabanoglu. 2016. He is now the fourth-richest person in the world, with a net worth of $113 billion. We approach 2023 with confidence but remain vigilant due to current uncertainties. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. Louis Vuitton S.A.) LVMH . LMVH acquired Glenmorangie in 2004 for around 300 million which represented a 6% premium on the companys then-market capitalization. If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. These philosophies have guided the company to a prolific number of acquisitions over the past three decades, including Celine in 1996, Sephora in 1997, Fendi in 2001, and more recently, Fenty in 2019 and Tiffany & Co. in 2021. In 1994, it started to be distributed around the country and became known as Aujourdhui en France. Fashion & Leather Goods: exceptional performances from Louis Vuitton, Christian Dior, Fendi, Celine and Loewe. In addition to signing a partnership with the European online platform Zalando, Sephora acquired the British online distributor Feelunique, which specialises in prestige beauty. Mot Hennessy Louis Vuitton (LVMH) is one of the world's leading luxury groups, parent to 75 luxury houses. Revenue of the LVMH Group worldwide from 2008 to 2022, by segment (in million euros) [Graph]. Meanwhile, the new LV Dream exhibition in Paris pays tribute to 160 years of creative exchanges that fuel Louis Vuittons spirit of innovation, and a new collaboration with Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama was unveiled, revisiting iconic creations of the Maison. LVMH Group, which owns brands including Louis Vuitton, Dior and Tiffany & Co., reported that its fourth-quarter revenue grew by 9%, marking the first time that the luxury conglomerate's . Zenith continued to expand its in-store and online distribution. Driven by the agility of its teams, their entrepreneurial spirit and its well diversified presence across businesses and geographic areas in which its customers are located, LVMH enters 2023 with confidence and once again, sets an objective of reinforcing its global leadership position in luxury goods. As official timekeeper, Hublot enjoyed strong visibility during the 2022 Football World Cup. Europe and the United States experienced good growth over the year, as did Asia, despite a difficult environment in . In 2022, the company recorded $75.9 billion in revenue, $142.5 billion in assets and $14.2 billion in profit, per another Forbes report. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. Most recognizable for: Fendi is a luxury brand, best known for its signature "F" print. Organic revenue growth was 36% compared to 2020 and 14% compared to 2019. In the process, it outbid compatriot Pernod Ricard. When news of a COVID-19 vaccine first broke, LVMH shares skyrocketed, briefly making its chairman and CEO, Bernard Arnault, the second-richest man in the world. Asia was stable over the year due to developments in the health situation in China. The balance of 7 euros will be paid on April 27, 2023. Use Ask Statista Research Service. A record level of operating free cash flow. For its first year in the Group, Tiffany saw record performance in terms of revenue, profits and cash flow, and increased its global attractivity as a result of its high impact innovations and collaborations. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. You only have access to basic statistics. Basic Statistic Global revenue LVMH Group's fashion and leather goods segment 2008-2022 . Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 60m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. The brand was founded in 1946 by its namesake founder. As part of our effort to improve the awareness of the importance of diversity in companies, we have highlighted the transparency of LVMHs commitment to diversity, inclusiveness, and social responsibility. A record year despite the geopolitical and economic situation. These include white papers, government data, original reporting, and interviews with industry experts. LVMH has also been in the news this year after it threatened to call off its multibillion-dollar acquisition of US jeweler Tiffany and Co., first announced for $16.2 billion in 2019, but reduced to $15.8 billion in the fall after a lengthy dispute between the two firms. A record year, especially for the major brands. The buyout would make it more difficult to compete with LVMH, especially after it reported annual revenue of more than $83 billion in 2022, far ahead of Richemont's $20 billion. For the purposes of its financial communication, in addition to the accounting aggregates defined by the IAS/IFRS standards, LVMH uses alternative performance measures established in accordance with AMFs position DOC-2015-12. Within a mild level of debt of $11 billions with $8.5 billions in annual cash flow, 77% of the company's debt is well covered by its cash flow. LVMHs Fashion and Leather Goods group, of which Fendi is a part, generated 7.2 billion in profit on 21.2 billion in revenue in 2020. As required by current . Condensed consolidated accounts for 2022 are included in the PDF version of the press release. Sauvage confirmed its position as the worlds leading perfume, while the iconic womens fragrances Miss Dior and Jadore, enriched with its latest creation Parfum dEau, continued to grow. **Selective retailing relates to retail designed for international traveler customers (travel retail), DFS and Miami Cruiseline. Louis Vuitton purchased Veuve Clicquot in 1986, just a year before the fashion company merged with Mot Hennessy. Louis Vuitton annual revenue for 2019 was $60.11B, a 8.7% increase from 2018. LVMH acquired a 40% stake in Belvedere owner Millennium Import Company in 2002 with the stake increasing to 100% in 2005. Revenue 79 billion euros Its parent company Boussac had filed for bankruptcy and the French government was looking for a buyer for the Paris-based brand that owned a number of companies, including Dior. Boussacs assets included Christian Dior. A trillionaire is an individual with a net worth of more than one trillion in U.S. dollars or another similarly valued currency. Italian luxury fashion house Fendi was founded by Adele and Edoardo Fendi in 1925. Still wines, in particular the Chteau dEsclans ros, achieved an excellent performance. It is also recognized as one of "the big four" cognacs alongside Courvoisier, Remy Martin, and Martell. Loro Piana, Rimowa and Marc Jacobs also had an excellent year. Loewe Perfumes is a botanic scent maker that released its first fragrance in 1972. Most recognizable for:Luxury jewelry brand Bulgari is known for its watches and diamond necklaces. Most recognizable for: Le Bon March is recognized as being the world's first department store. If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. Since that time, Fendi has become known for craftsmanship and innovation while remaining true to its Roman roots. How LVMH, Tiffanys New Owner, Became the Worlds Biggest Purveyor of Luxury.. The Leading Source of Insights On Business Model Strategy & Tech Business Models. Audit procedures have been carried out and the audit report is being issued. Most valuable global luxury brands 2022; UK: revenue of luxury goods market 2012-2025, by product category . Loewe, energized by the talent of JW Anderson, and Marc Jacobs also performed particularly well. The Group will continue to pursue a strategy focused on developing its brands building on strong innovation and investments as well as a constant quest for quality of their products, of their desirability and of their distribution. Successful integration, in its first year in the Group, of Tiffany, which produced a record performance. Prada Sells Stake in Fendi for $265 Million.. However, LVMH previously invested in the company via its minority investment arm in 2017. LVMH. AP. Belvedere. Bernard Arnault's wealth is around $203 billion. Total Starbucks locations globally 2003-2022, U.S. beer market: leading domestic beer brands 2017, based on sales, Revenue and financial key figures of Coca-Cola 2009-2021, Research lead covering Non-food CG & Retail, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. Over the past decade, LVMH enjoyed ever-increasing global revenue . The owner of Louis Vuitton, Dior, Bvlgari and TAG Heuer recorded revenue of 64.2 billion last year. How One Franc Turned LVMH into the Worlds Largest Luxury Group., XE. Its fashion shows continued to offer exceptional moments, whether in Seville, Spain, for the womens collections of Maria Grazia Chiuri, or in Egypt at the foot of the Giza pyramids for the mens show imagined by Kim Jones. LVMH Mot Hennessy Louis Vuitton, the world's leading luxury products group, recorded revenue of 53.7 billion in 2019, up 15%. The dynamic policy of price increases offset the effects of the health situation in China, while the United States was affected at the start of the year by logistical disruptions. LVMH Mot Hennessy Louis Vuitton reported revenue of 36.7 billion euros ($37.15 billion) in the first half of the year, up 28 percent compared to the first six months of 2021, with the French luxury goods group touting "double-digit organic revenue growth" for all of its business groups during the first half and strong growth coming from Europe, Japan and the U.S. . Organic sales in the luxury conglomerate's key fashion and leather goods division rose 51 percent in the fourth quarter, versus the same . Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. The T Gallerias in Macau nevertheless performed well thanks to growing demand from local customers and DFS launched operations in Hainan. Profit from recurring operations was slightly down as a result of a very selective policy of distribution to assert itself in the prestige universe. LVMH's core brands LV, Dior and Fendi all saw record revenue, with China and the US driving the growth. But the coronavirus pandemic and its negative effects on the luxury jewelry market prompted Arnault to renegotiate a discount from the originally agreed-upon acquisition price. The salaries of the groups employees are among the most competitive in their sector of activity. The company is credited with inventing ros champagne. January 26, 2023. Officine Universelle Buly is a French beauty brand that was founded in Paris in 1803 by Jean-Vincent Bully. LVMH is a France-based holding company that acquires, owns, operates and manages consumer goods brands. Creating Stability in the International Fashion Industry by Using Corporate Structures and Conglomerates., Financial Times.
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