The "Hugues hypothesis" argues that the name was derived by association with Hugues Capet, king of France,[6] who reigned long before the Reformation. Protestant preachers rallied a considerable army and a formidable cavalry, which came under the leadership of Admiral Gaspard de Coligny. The English authorities welcomed the French refugees, providing money from both government and private agencies to aid their relocation. [80] In upstate New York they merged with the Dutch Reformed community and switched first to Dutch and then in the early 19th century to English. The first groups of German immigrants to the US began to arrive as early as the 1670s. Some Huguenots settled in Bedfordshire, one of the main centres of the British lace industry at the time. Local church records and histories are very helpful in that regard. Most of the Huguenot congregations (or individuals) in North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations with more numerous members. Page 449. Bette Davis (1908-1989), American actress, descended from the Huguenot Favor family on her mother's side. It used a derogatory pun on the name Hugues by way of the Dutch word Huisgenoten (literally 'housemates'), referring to the connotations of a somewhat related word in German Eidgenosse ('Confederate' in the sense of 'a citizen of one of the states of the Swiss Confederacy').[5]. [41], In 1561, the Edict of Orlans declared an end to the persecution, and the Edict of Saint-Germain of January 1562 formally recognised the Huguenots for the first time. The Huguenots are generally well-documented and it is often possible to trace them to their French home town. The fort was destroyed in 1560 by the Portuguese, who captured some of the Huguenots. Long after the sect was suppressed by Francis I, the remaining French Waldensians, then mostly in the Luberon region, sought to join Farel, Calvin and the Reformation, and Olivtan published a French Bible for them. Such economic separation was the condition of the refugees' initial acceptance in the city. [citation needed], Following the accidental death of Henry II in 1559, his son succeeded as King Francis II along with his wife, the Queen Consort, also known as Mary, Queen of Scots. [16] This is true for many areas in the west and south controlled by the Huguenot nobility. In relative terms, this could be the largest wave of immigration of a single community into Britain ever. L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit in New York, founded in 1628, is older, but it left the French Reformed movement in 1804 to become part of the Episcopal Church. However, in France, the name France is ranked the 2,810 th . In 1654, additional grants were given and shelters were built as centers for trading with the Leni-Lennapes. Huguenot exiles in the United Kingdom, the United States, South Africa, Australia, and a number of other countries still retain their identity.[20][21]. By the start of the French and Indian War, the North American front of the Seven Years' War, a sizeable population of Huguenot descent lived in the British colonies, and many participated in the British defeat of New France in 17591760.[119]. While most of the settlers in Volga (and later Black Sea) villages were German, there were also settlers from other European countries. By 17 September, almost 25,000 Protestants had been massacred in Paris alone. [54][55] Beyond Paris, the killings continued until 3 October. Many families, today, mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry. The Huguenots responded by establishing independent political and military structures, establishing diplomatic contacts with foreign powers, and openly revolting against central power. The label Huguenot was purportedly first applied in France to those conspirators (all of them aristocratic members of the Reformed Church) who were involved in the Amboise plot of 1560: a foiled attempt to wrest power in France from the influential and zealously Catholic House of Guise. [68] A group of Huguenots was part of the French colonisers who arrived in Brazil in 1555 to found France Antarctique. Hello. A royal citadel was built and the university and consulate were taken over by the Catholic party. 1491-1532? In his Encyclopedia of Protestantism, Hans Hillerbrand wrote that on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572, the Huguenot community made up as much as 10% of the French population. Peter married into a family of physicians and had a son Peter jnr. Wittrock (= a German surname) Grz. But in the reign of William and Mary, the largest number of foreign refugees were Naturalized in these countries, from 1689 to the 3rd July, 1701. With each break in peace, the Huguenots' trust in the Catholic throne diminished, and the violence became more severe, and Protestant demands became grander, until a lasting cessation of open hostility finally occurred in 1598. Most of the refugees from the German . The couple left for Batavia ten years later. Assimilated, the French made numerous contributions to United States economic life, especially as merchants and artisans in the late Colonial and early Federal periods. Some of the earliest to arrive in Australia held prominent positions in English society, notably, Others who came later were from poorer families, migrating from England in the 19th and early 20th centuries to escape the poverty of. [16], Huguenots controlled sizeable areas in southern and western France. Joseph de la Plaigne - Just one Huguenot refugee, Muriel Gibbs 14 Connected families from Dieppe 1688 - Bertrand, De La Mare, Lubias 16 Calendars of State Papers (Domestic) Part I, Randolph Vigne 17 The Dansays Family of St. Laurent-de-la-Pre (illustrated), Norman Bishop 18 The Temple of Quvilly, Rouen, Part I, Chris Shelley 21 The Huguenot Church Register of Pons, France: Possible . and. Since then, it sharply decreased as the Huguenots were no longer tolerated by both the French royalty and the Catholic masses. The surnames Boileau and Des Voeux have disappeared from this locality only a few years ago, General Boileau and Major Des Voeux with their families having left Portarlington. [72][73] The wine industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots, some of whom had vineyards in France, or were brandy distillers, and used their skills in their new home. [French, from Old French huguenot, member of a Swiss political movement, alteration (influenced by Bezanson Hugues (c. This parish continues today as L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit, now a part of the Episcopal Church (Anglican) communion, and welcomes Francophone New Yorkers from all over the world. Amongst them were 200 pastors. Huguenots lived on the Atlantic coast in La Rochelle, and also spread across provinces of Normandy and Poitou. [citation needed], By 1620, the Huguenots were on the defensive, and the government increasingly applied pressure. They did not promote French-language schools or publications and "lost" their historic identity. ", "L'affaire des placards, la fin de la belle Renaissance", "18 octobre 1534: l'affaire des placards", "This Day in History 1572: Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre", Provisional Government of the French Republic, "Rise of 'neo-Protestantism' under Macron challenges traditional Catholic-secular approach to politics", "Welcome to The Huguenot Society of Australia", "Chronology French Church du Saint-Esprit", "French Huguenots and their descendants genealogy project", "Allocution de M. Franois Mitterrand, Prsident de la Rpublique, aux crmonies du tricentenaire de la Rvocation de l'Edit de Nantes, sur la tolrance en matire politique et religieuse et l'histoire du protestantisme en France, Paris, Palais de l'UNESCO, vendredi 11 octobre 1985", "Bayonne Online The first reference to Bayonne in history is in 1609 when Henry Hudson stopped there before proceeding on his journey up the river which would later bear his name. While people don't usually think of German and Dutch people as having Iberian DNA, as many as 18% of the population of Western Europe shows Iberian DNA, and the Netherlands and Germany fall . [60], Persecution of Protestants diminished in France after 1724, finally ending with the Edict of Versailles, commonly called the Edict of Tolerance, signed by Louis XVI in 1787. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Bezanson Hugues (14911532? Page 363. Fanatically opposed to the Catholic Church, the Huguenots killed priests, monks, and nuns, attacked monasticism, and destroyed sacred images, relics, and church buildings. Huguenot refugees also settled in the Delaware River Valley of Eastern Pennsylvania and Hunterdon County, New Jersey in 1725. The implication that the style of lace known as 'Bucks Point' demonstrates a Huguenot influence, being a "combination of Mechlin patterns on Lille ground",[102] is fallacious: what is now known as Mechlin lace did not develop until the first half of the eighteenth century and lace with Mechlin patterns and Lille ground did not appear until the end of the 18th century, when it was widely copied throughout Europe. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger. [116] John Arnold Fleming wrote extensively of the French Protestant group's impact on the nation in his 1953 Huguenot Influence in Scotland,[117] while sociologist Abraham Lavender, who has explored how the ethnic group transformed over generations "from Mediterranean Catholics to White Anglo-Saxon Protestants", has analyzed how Huguenot adherence to Calvinist customs helped facilitate compatibility with the Scottish people.[118]. The Conds established a thriving glass-making works, which provided wealth to the principality for many years. Through the 18th and 19th centuries, descendants of the French migrated west into the Piedmont, and across the Appalachian Mountains into the West of what became Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and other states. gt. Most French Huguenots were either unable or unwilling to emigrate to avoid forced conversion to Roman Catholicism. [16], Among the nobles, Calvinism peaked on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. By 1687 Huguenots made up about 20 percent of the population of Berlin, making Berlin seem almost as much a French town as a German one. Thousands of Huguenots were in Paris celebrating the marriage of Henry of Navarre to Marguerite de Valois on Saint Bartholomew's Day, August 24, 1572. [42][43], The French Wars of Religion began with the Massacre of Vassy on 1 March 1562, when dozens[8] (some sources say hundreds[44]) of Huguenots were killed, and about 200 were wounded. It was still illegal, and, although the law was seldom enforced, it could be a threat or a nuisance to Protestants. [45] The Michelade by Huguenotes against Catholics was later on 29 September 1567. In relative terms, this was one of the largest waves of immigration ever of a single ethnic community to Britain. Gallicised into Huguenot, often used deprecatingly, the word became, during two and a half centuries of terror and triumph, a badge of enduring honour and courage. Rhetoric like this became fiercer as events unfolded, and eventually stirred up a reaction in the Catholic establishment. Huguenots were Nobles, Doctors, Lawyers, Historians, Intellectuals, Craftsman and Artisans and loyal to the Crown. [9] Reguier de la Plancha (d. 1560) in his De l'Estat de France offered the following account as to the origin of the name, as cited by The Cape Monthly: Reguier de la Plancha accounts for it [the name] as follows: "The name huguenand was given to those of the religion during the affair of Amboyse, and they were to retain it ever since. 13 (Regiment on foot Varenne) and 15 (Regiment on foot Wylich). The French crown's refusal to allow non-Catholics to settle in New France may help to explain that colony's low population compared to that of the neighbouring British colonies, which opened settlement to religious dissenters. Some Huguenot descendants in the Netherlands may be noted by French family names, although they typically use Dutch given names. In Bad Karlshafen, Hessen, Germany is the Huguenot Museum and Huguenot archive. Thera Wijsenbeek, "Identity Lost: Huguenot refugees in the Dutch Republic and its former colonies in North America and South Africa, 1650 to 1750: a comparison". "Huguenot Trails" publications are available in the periodicals section of the Quebec Family History Society in Pointe-Claire, Quebec. Genealogical Publishing Company, Published: 1885, Reprinted: 1998. As the Huguenots gained influence and displayed their faith more openly, Roman Catholic hostility towards them grew, even though the French crown offered increasingly liberal political concessions and edicts of toleration. "[62], Foreign descendants of Huguenots lost the automatic right to French citizenship in 1945 (by force of the Ordonnance n 45-2441 du 19 octobre 1945, which revoked the 1889 Nationality Law). Jean Cauvin (John Calvin), another student at the University of Paris, also converted to Protestantism. Three hundred refugees were granted asylum at the court of George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lneburg in Celle. not (hyoog-nt) n. A French Protestant of the 16th to 18th centuries. ", Kurt Gingrich, "'That Will Make Carolina Powerful and Flourishing': Scots and Huguenots in Carolina in the 1680s. Other founding families created enterprises based on textiles and such traditional Huguenot occupations in France. With the precedent of a historical alliancethe Auld Alliancebetween Scotland and France; Huguenots were mostly welcomed to, and found refuge in the nation from around the year 1700. The museum is situated on the second floor of the tourist information centre, and entry cost us 4.50 each fora ticket that is valid for a year. He wrote in his book, The Days of the Upright, A History of the Huguenots (1965), that Huguenot is: a combination of a Dutch and a German word. In Berlin the Huguenots created two new neighbourhoods: Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt. The Manakintown Episcopal Church in Midlothian, Virginia serves as a National Huguenot Memorial. Soon, they became enraged with the Dutch trading tactics, and drove out the settlers. "Identity Lost: Huguenot Refugees in the Dutch Republic and its Former Colonies in North America and South Africa, 1650 To 1750: A Comparison". They were very successful at marriage and property speculation. If you know of more Huguenot family names in Australia, please email ozhug@optushome.com.au. German who had married an American girl, the daughter of a man from Avignon and a woman of Franche Comt6. The Huguenot Museum in Bad Karlshafen, Germany has some fascinating exhibits. In 1825, this privilege was reduced to the south aisle and in 1895 to the former chantry chapel of the Black Prince. . Their Principles Delineated; Their Character Illustrated; Their Sufferings and Successes Recorded by William Henry Foote; Presbyterian Committee of Publication, 1870 - 627, The Huguenots: History and Memory in Transnational Context: Essays in Honour and Memory of by Walter C. Utt, From a Far Country: Camisards and Huguenots in the Atlantic World by Catharine Randall, Paul Arblaster, Gergely Juhsz, Guido Latr (eds), Fischer, David Hackett, "Champlain's Dream", 2008, Alfred A. Knopf Canada, article on EIDupont says he did not even emigrate to the US and establish the mills until after the French Revolution, so the mills were not operating for theAmerican revolution. Most of these Frenchmen were Huguenots who had fled from the religious persecutions in France, and, after a sojourn in Holland, had sought a field of greater opportunity in the New World. Huguenot Towns; Huguenot Street Names; Places to visit; Huguenot Traces; Archive Menu Toggle. This action would have fostered relations with the Swiss. [33] Since the Huguenots had political and religious goals, it was commonplace to refer to the Calvinists as "Huguenots of religion" and those who opposed the monarchy as "Huguenots of the state", who were mostly nobles.[34]. Mine started well with 2 Huguenot children, Peter and Mary Petit, arriving from France all alone. . Below is a partial list of Huguenot Ancestors who relate to current Members of the Society. It is said that they landed on the coastline peninsula of Davenports Neck called "Bauffet's Point" after travelling from England where they had previously taken refuge on account of religious persecution, four years before the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. FAQs; Blog; Past Newsletters; Scrapbook; Huguenot Names. English (of French Huguenot origin): Anglicized form of French Le Groux (see Groux) or Le Greux. However, these measures disguised the growing tensions between Protestants and Catholics. A peace treaty was arranged in 1658, and the Dutch returned", "444 Years: The Massacre of the Huguenot Christians in America", "Huguenots of Spitalfields heritage tours & events in Spitalfields Huguenot Public Art Trust", "Eglise Protestante Franaise de Londres", "The Huguenot Chapel (Black Prince's Chantry)", "The Strangers who enriched Norwich and Norfolk life", "The strangers and the canaries - Football Welcomes 2018", "Paths to Pluralism: South Africa's Early History", Huguenot Society of Great Britain & Ireland, Mitterrand's Apology to the Huguenots (in French). The 1709ers would have worshipped in this church that was by that time already nearly 600 years old. [13], The Huguenot cross is the distinctive emblem of the Huguenots (croix huguenote). It was an attempt to establish a French colony in South America. . In the United States there are several Huguenot worship groups and societies. [32], Although usually Huguenots are lumped into one group, there were actually two types of Huguenots that emerged. Genealogy Resources (Tutorial) This simple tutorial is prepared to assist you in performing research in the former German Reichslnder of Elsa-Lothringen, today's French regions of Alsace-Moselle. Others still argue that the terms didn't originate from derogatory roots at all, with some of the Protestant faction claiming the opposite, that the Huguenots were named out of loyalty to the line of Hugues Capet, a medieval ancestor of the King who ruled six centuries before. Some Huguenot immigrants settled in central and eastern Pennsylvania. In the Manakintown area, the Huguenot Memorial Bridge across the James River and Huguenot Road were named in their honour, as were many local features, including several schools, including Huguenot High School. [54] An amnesty granted in 1573 pardoned the perpetrators. Wijsenbeek, Thera. [citation needed] The greatest concentrations of Huguenots at this time resided in the regions of Guienne, Saintonge-Aunis-Angoumois and Poitou. He started teaching in Rotterdam, where he finished writing and publishing his multi-volume masterpiece, Historical and Critical Dictionary. Nearby villages are Hengoed, and Ystrad Mynach. An estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England, about 10,000 of whom moved on to Ireland around the 1690s. For over 150 years, Huguenots were allowed to hold their services in Lady Chapel in St. Patrick's Cathedral. 24 July, A.D. 1550. In this last connection, the name could suggest the derogatory inference of superstitious worship; popular fancy held that Huguon, the gate of King Hugo,[7] was haunted by the ghost of le roi Huguet (regarded by Roman Catholics as an infamous scoundrel) and other spirits. Among the Huguenots who left were a group of families from northern France, located near Calais, and what is now southern Belgium. Concord, Erie Co, New York; Popular names: Briggs, Field, Bloodgood, Vaughan, Spaulding, Seymour The surname Martin of French origin (see 1 above) is listed in the (US) National Huguenot Society's register of qualified . His successor Louis XIII, under the regency of his Italian Catholic mother Marie de' Medici, was more intolerant of Protestantism. A fort, named Fort Coligny, was built to protect them from attack from the Portuguese troops and Brazilian natives. In 1700 several hundred French Huguenots migrated from England to the colony of Virginia, where the King William III of England had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County. Prior to its establishment, Huguenots used the Cabbage Garden near the cathedral. [4], A term used originally in derision, Huguenot has unclear origins. The British government ignored the complaints made by local craftsmen about the favouritism shown to foreigners.
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